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The reproductive caste of a mature colony includes a wealthy female and male, known as the queen and king.61 The queen of the colony is responsible for egg production for its colony. Unlike in ants, the king mates with her for life.62 In some species, the abdomen of this queen swells up radically to increase fecundity, a feature known as physogastrism.61 Depending on the species, the queen begins producing reproductive winged alates at a certain time of year, and huge swarms emerge from the colony when nuptial flight begins.

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A young termite nymph. Nymphs first moult into workers, but others may farther moult to become soldiers alates.

Termites are often compared with the social Hymenoptera (ants and various species of bees and wasps), but their differing evolutionary origins result in major differences in life cycle. In the eusocial Hymenoptera, the employees are entirely female. Men (drones) are haploid and develop from unfertilised eggs, while females (both workers and the queen) are diploid and develop from fertilised eggs.

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Depending on species, both male and female workers may have different functions in a termite colony.63.

The life span of a termite begins with an egg, but is different from that of a bee or ant in that it goes through a developmental process called incomplete metamorphosis, with egg, nymph and adult stages.64 Nymphs resemble little adults, and undergo a series of moults as they develop.

The development of nymphs into adults can take months; the time frame depends on food availability, temperature, and the general population of this colony. Since nymphs are unable to feed themselves, employees must feed thembut workers also take part in the social life of their colony and also have certain different activities to accomplish like foraging, building or maintaining the nest or tending to the queen.5367 Pheromones regulate the caste system in termite colonies, preventing all but a very few of those termites from becoming fertile queens.68.

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Queens of the eusocial termite Reticulitermes speratus are effective at a long lifespan without sacrificing fecundity. These long-lived queens have a significantly lower level of oxidative damage, including oxidative DNA damage, than workers, soldiers and nymphs.69 The decreased levels of damage appear to be due to increased catalase, an enzyme that protects against oxidative stress.69.

Termite alates only depart the colony when a nuptial flight takes place. Alate men and females pair up together and then land in search of a suitable spot for a colony.70 A termite king and queen do not mate until they find such a spot. When they perform they excavate a chamber large enough for both, shut up the entrance and move to partner.70 After mating, Related Site the pair never go outdoors and spend the remainder of their lives in the nest.

For instance, alates in certain species emerge during the daytime in summer while others emerge during the winter.71 The nuptial flight may also begin at dusk, when the alates swarm around regions with lots of lights. The time when nuptial flight begins depends on the environmental conditions, the time of day, moisture, wind speed and precipitation.71 The number their explanation of termites in a colony also varies, with the bigger species normally having 1001,000 individuals.

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The queen only lays 1020 eggs in the very early stages of the colony, but lays as many as 1,000 a day when the colony is a few years old.53 At adulthood, a main queen has a great capacity to lay eggs. In some species, the mature queen includes a greatly distended abdomen and might create 40,000 eggs a day.72 Both mature ovaries may possess some 2,000 ovarioles every.73 The abdomen increases the queen's body length to several times greater than prior to mating and reduces her ability to maneuver freely; attendant workers provide assistance. .

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The king develops only slightly bigger after initial mating and continues to mate with the queen for life (a termite article queen can survive between 30 to 50 years); this is quite different from ant colonies, in that a queen teammates once with the male(s) and stores the gametes for lifetime, as the male ants die soon after mating.6267 When a queen is absent, a termite king produces pheromones which encourage the development of replacement termite queens.74 As the queen and king are monogamous, sperm competition does not happen.75.

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Termites going through incomplete metamorphosis on the road to becoming alates type a subcaste in certain species of termite, functioning as potential supplementary reproductives. These supplementary reproductives only mature into primary reproductives upon the passing of a king or queen, or when the primary reproductives are separated from the colony.6676 Supplementaries have the ability to replace a deceased primary reproductivesystem, and there may also be more than just a single supplementary within a colony.53 Some queens have the ability to switch from sexual reproduction to asexual reproduction.

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